According to the Medical Library Association Style Manual, the “X” in “X-ray” is capitalized when it is referring to X radiation or X-ray films.

“Judge” is only capitalized when it is used preceding the name of a judge or when it is used in the context of direct address.
EXAMPLES:
Did you hear the judge say we can take a recess?
May we take a recess, Judge?
Did Judge Jones say we can take a recess?

The word “court” is capitalized when it refers to the judge who is presiding over a case, or when it is used to refer to the citing of a superior court.
EXAMPLES:
The Supreme Court overturned the case.
The Court will make a decision today.
May it please the Court to grant us a recess.
He had to go to court.

The names of specific historical events, eras, and documents are capitalized. For example: the Civil War, the Renaissance, the Magna Carta.

According to, “Morson’s English Guide for Court Reporters,” the names of planets, stars, and constellations are to be capitalized. Also, “earth” is capitalized when it is mentioned among other planets.